Clicks Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	13
Number of observations	2988181
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	296.4 MiB
Average record size in memory	104.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	11
Categorical	2

Alerts

`session_start` has a high cardinality: 646874 distinct values	High cardinality
`click_timestamp` has a high cardinality: 2983198 distinct values	High cardinality
`Unnamed: 0` is highly correlated with `session_id`	High correlation
`session_id` is highly correlated with `Unnamed: 0`	High correlation
`Unnamed: 0` is highly correlated with `session_id`	High correlation
`session_id` is highly correlated with `Unnamed: 0`	High correlation
`click_deviceGroup` is highly correlated with `click_os`	High correlation
`click_os` is highly correlated with `click_deviceGroup`	High correlation
`Unnamed: 0` is highly correlated with `session_id`	High correlation
`session_id` is highly correlated with `Unnamed: 0`	High correlation
`Unnamed: 0` is highly correlated with `user_id` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`user_id` is highly correlated with `Unnamed: 0` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`session_id` is highly correlated with `Unnamed: 0` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`click_deviceGroup` is highly correlated with `click_os`	High correlation
`click_os` is highly correlated with `click_deviceGroup`	High correlation
`click_country` is highly correlated with `click_region`	High correlation
`click_region` is highly correlated with `click_country`	High correlation
`Unnamed: 0` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`click_timestamp` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`Unnamed: 0` has unique values	Unique

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-08-28 12:12:50.057321
Analysis finished	2022-08-28 12:17:09.333827
Duration	4 minutes and 19.28 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.2.0
Download configuration	config.json

Unnamed: 0
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
UNIFORM
UNIQUE

Distinct	2988181
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1494090

Minimum	0
Maximum	2988180
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	149409
Q1	747045
median	1494090
Q3	2241135
95-th percentile	2838771
Maximum	2988180
Range	2988180
Interquartile range (IQR)	1494090

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	862613.6967
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.577350559
Kurtosis	-1.2
Mean	1494090
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	747045
Skewness	-1.014664281 × 10^-15
Sum	4.46461135 × 10¹²
Variance	7.441023897 × 10¹¹
Monotonicity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
1992114	1	< 0.1%
1992116	1	< 0.1%
1992117	1	< 0.1%
1992118	1	< 0.1%
1992119	1	< 0.1%
1992120	1	< 0.1%
1992121	1	< 0.1%
1992122	1	< 0.1%
1992123	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2988171)	2988171	> 99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
1	1	< 0.1%
2	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%
7	1	< 0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
9	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2988180	1	< 0.1%
2988179	1	< 0.1%
2988178	1	< 0.1%
2988177	1	< 0.1%
2988176	1	< 0.1%
2988175	1	< 0.1%
2988174	1	< 0.1%
2988173	1	< 0.1%
2988172	1	< 0.1%
2988171	1	< 0.1%

user_id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	322897
Distinct (%)	10.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	107947.8258

Minimum	0
Maximum	322896
Zeros	8
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	6370
Q1	40341
median	86229
Q3	163261
95-th percentile	274162
Maximum	322896
Range	322896
Interquartile range (IQR)	122920

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	83648.36147
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7748962136
Kurtosis	-0.4686650537
Mean	107947.8258
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	57248
Skewness	0.7231189115
Sum	3.22567642 × 10¹¹
Variance	6997048377
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5890	1232	< 0.1%
73574	939	< 0.1%
15867	900	< 0.1%
80350	783	< 0.1%
15275	746	< 0.1%
2151	722	< 0.1%
4568	529	< 0.1%
12897	513	< 0.1%
11521	502	< 0.1%
34541	501	< 0.1%
Other values (322887)	2980814	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	8	< 0.1%
1	12	< 0.1%
2	4	< 0.1%
3	17	< 0.1%
4	7	< 0.1%
5	87	< 0.1%
6	35	< 0.1%
7	22	< 0.1%
8	56	< 0.1%
9	4	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
322896	2	< 0.1%
322895	2	< 0.1%
322894	2	< 0.1%
322893	2	< 0.1%
322892	2	< 0.1%
322891	2	< 0.1%
322890	2	< 0.1%
322889	2	< 0.1%
322888	2	< 0.1%
322887	3	< 0.1%

session_id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1048594
Distinct (%)	35.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.507472228 × 10¹⁵

Minimum	1.506825423 × 10¹⁵
Maximum	1.508211379 × 10¹⁵
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.506825423 × 10¹⁵
5-th percentile	1.506941766 × 10¹⁵
Q1	1.507124152 × 10¹⁵
median	1.50749334 × 10¹⁵
Q3	1.507749414 × 10¹⁵
95-th percentile	1.508153221 × 10¹⁵
Maximum	1.508211379 × 10¹⁵
Range	1.385955918 × 10¹²
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.252618534 × 10¹¹

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.855244602 × 10¹¹
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0002557423301
Kurtosis	-1.111389169
Mean	1.507472228 × 10¹⁵
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.329949664 × 10¹¹
Skewness	0.1807598817
Sum	3.594316782 × 10¹⁸
Variance	1.486291094 × 10²³
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.507563658 × 10¹⁵	124	< 0.1%
1.507896573 × 10¹⁵	107	< 0.1%
1.507133568 × 10¹⁵	106	< 0.1%
1.507309773 × 10¹⁵	98	< 0.1%
1.508112331 × 10¹⁵	94	< 0.1%
1.507647366 × 10¹⁵	92	< 0.1%
1.507475404 × 10¹⁵	86	< 0.1%
1.506959499 × 10¹⁵	82	< 0.1%
1.508154737 × 10¹⁵	79	< 0.1%
1.506999909 × 10¹⁵	75	< 0.1%
Other values (1048584)	2987238	> 99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.506825423 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825426 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825435 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825443 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825528 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825541 × 10¹⁵	3	< 0.1%
1.506825553 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825568 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825573 × 10¹⁵	3	< 0.1%
1.506825599 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.508211379 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211376 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211372 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211369 × 10¹⁵	7	< 0.1%
1.508211367 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211353 × 10¹⁵	4	< 0.1%
1.508211348 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211326 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211326 × 10¹⁵	4	< 0.1%
1.508211324 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%

session_start
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	646874
Distinct (%)	21.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

2017-10-09 15:40:57	127
2017-10-13 12:09:33	112
2017-10-04 16:12:47	108
2017-10-06 17:09:33	98
2017-10-10 14:56:06	97
Other values (646869)	2987639

Length

Max length	19
Median length	19
Mean length	19
Min length	19

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	56775439
Distinct characters	13
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	2017-10-01 02:37:03
2nd row	2017-10-01 02:37:03
3rd row	2017-10-01 02:37:06
4th row	2017-10-01 02:37:06
5th row	2017-10-01 02:37:15

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2017-10-09 15:40:57	127	< 0.1%
2017-10-13 12:09:33	112	< 0.1%
2017-10-04 16:12:47	108	< 0.1%
2017-10-06 17:09:33	98	< 0.1%
2017-10-10 14:56:06	97	< 0.1%
2017-10-16 00:05:31	96	< 0.1%
2017-10-02 15:51:39	87	< 0.1%
2017-10-10 16:05:43	87	< 0.1%
2017-10-08 15:10:03	86	< 0.1%
2017-10-16 11:52:17	85	< 0.1%
Other values (646864)	2987198	> 99.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2017-10-02	305709	5.1%
2017-10-10	281384	4.7%
2017-10-03	259709	4.3%
2017-10-09	249856	4.2%
2017-10-11	238521	4.0%
2017-10-04	215267	3.6%
2017-10-06	207537	3.5%
2017-10-16	190891	3.2%
2017-10-05	190074	3.2%
2017-10-13	180599	3.0%
Other values (83818)	3656815	61.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	11434946	20.1%
0	10649945	18.8%
2	5982278	10.5%
-	5976362	10.5%
:	5976362	10.5%
7	3949992	7.0%
	2988181	5.3%
3	2391815	4.2%
4	2104829	3.7%
5	2074593	3.7%
Other values (3)	3246136	5.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	41834534	73.7%
Dash Punctuation	5976362	10.5%
Other Punctuation	5976362	10.5%
Space Separator	2988181	5.3%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	11434946	27.3%
0	10649945	25.5%
2	5982278	14.3%
7	3949992	9.4%
3	2391815	5.7%
4	2104829	5.0%
5	2074593	5.0%
6	1210846	2.9%
9	1111614	2.7%
8	923676	2.2%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	5976362	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
:	5976362	100.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2988181	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	56775439	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	11434946	20.1%
0	10649945	18.8%
2	5982278	10.5%
-	5976362	10.5%
:	5976362	10.5%
7	3949992	7.0%
	2988181	5.3%
3	2391815	4.2%
4	2104829	3.7%
5	2074593	3.7%
Other values (3)	3246136	5.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	56775439	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	11434946	20.1%
0	10649945	18.8%
2	5982278	10.5%
-	5976362	10.5%
:	5976362	10.5%
7	3949992	7.0%
	2988181	5.3%
3	2391815	4.2%
4	2104829	3.7%
5	2074593	3.7%
Other values (3)	3246136	5.7%

session_size
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	72
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.901885127

Minimum	2
Maximum	124
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	2
Q1	2
median	3
Q3	4
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	124
Range	122
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.929941495
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.007190465
Kurtosis	158.4608899
Mean	3.901885127
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	9.090074854
Sum	11659539
Variance	15.44444016
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1260372	42.2%
3	670185	22.4%
4	374240	12.5%
5	220105	7.4%
6	135762	4.5%
7	88354	3.0%
8	58544	2.0%
9	40878	1.4%
10	29530	1.0%
11	21714	0.7%
Other values (62)	88497	3.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1260372	42.2%
3	670185	22.4%
4	374240	12.5%
5	220105	7.4%
6	135762	4.5%
7	88354	3.0%
8	58544	2.0%
9	40878	1.4%
10	29530	1.0%
11	21714	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
124	124	< 0.1%
107	107	< 0.1%
106	106	< 0.1%
98	98	< 0.1%
94	94	< 0.1%
92	92	< 0.1%
86	86	< 0.1%
82	82	< 0.1%
79	79	< 0.1%
75	75	< 0.1%

click_article_id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	46033
Distinct (%)	1.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	194922.6487

Minimum	3
Maximum	364046
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	42223
Q1	124228
median	202381
Q3	277067
95-th percentile	336254
Maximum	364046
Range	364043
Interquartile range (IQR)	152839

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	90768.42147
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4656638009
Kurtosis	-0.943045904
Mean	194922.6487
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	77632
Skewness	-0.1234365434
Sum	5.824641553 × 10¹¹
Variance	8238906336
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
160974	37213	1.2%
272143	28943	1.0%
336221	23851	0.8%
234698	23499	0.8%
123909	23122	0.8%
336223	21855	0.7%
96210	21577	0.7%
162655	21062	0.7%
183176	20303	0.7%
168623	19526	0.7%
Other values (46023)	2747230	91.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	1	< 0.1%
27	1	< 0.1%
69	1	< 0.1%
81	2	< 0.1%
84	1	< 0.1%
94	2	< 0.1%
115	2	< 0.1%
125	1	< 0.1%
137	1	< 0.1%
139	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
364046	2	< 0.1%
364043	8	< 0.1%
364028	1	< 0.1%
364022	1	< 0.1%
364017	22	< 0.1%
364015	1	< 0.1%
364014	1	< 0.1%
364013	1	< 0.1%
364012	1	< 0.1%
364001	4	< 0.1%

click_timestamp
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct	2983198
Distinct (%)	99.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

2017-10-02 16:16:49.961	3
2017-10-06 20:07:23.928	3
2017-10-13 14:39:48.690	3
2017-10-16 14:42:54.899	3
2017-10-14 12:28:25.656	3
Other values (2983193)	2988166

Length

Max length	23
Median length	23
Mean length	23
Min length	23

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	68728163
Distinct characters	14
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2978224 ?
Unique (%)	99.7%

Sample

1st row	2017-10-01 03:00:28.020
2nd row	2017-10-01 03:00:58.020
3rd row	2017-10-01 03:03:37.951
4th row	2017-10-01 03:04:07.951
5th row	2017-10-01 03:04:50.575

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2017-10-02 16:16:49.961	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-06 20:07:23.928	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-13 14:39:48.690	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-16 14:42:54.899	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-14 12:28:25.656	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-03 17:40:48.643	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-02 20:16:02.256	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-09 13:01:34.045	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-02 14:54:37.261	3	< 0.1%
2017-10-15 21:06:30.958	2	< 0.1%
Other values (2983188)	2988152	> 99.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2017-10-02	303177	5.1%
2017-10-10	282391	4.7%
2017-10-03	261159	4.4%
2017-10-09	248208	4.2%
2017-10-11	238969	4.0%
2017-10-04	215415	3.6%
2017-10-06	207646	3.5%
2017-10-05	190003	3.2%
2017-10-16	189779	3.2%
2017-10-13	180723	3.0%
Other values (2923727)	3658892	61.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	12265879	17.8%
0	11533489	16.8%
2	6914494	10.1%
-	5976362	8.7%
:	5976362	8.7%
7	4849332	7.1%
3	3299611	4.8%
4	3017099	4.4%
	2988181	4.3%
.	2988181	4.3%
Other values (4)	8919173	13.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	50799077	73.9%
Other Punctuation	8964543	13.0%
Dash Punctuation	5976362	8.7%
Space Separator	2988181	4.3%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	12265879	24.1%
0	11533489	22.7%
2	6914494	13.6%
7	4849332	9.5%
3	3299611	6.5%
4	3017099	5.9%
5	2978574	5.9%
6	2106971	4.1%
9	2008543	4.0%
8	1825085	3.6%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
:	5976362	66.7%
.	2988181	33.3%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	5976362	100.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2988181	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	68728163	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	12265879	17.8%
0	11533489	16.8%
2	6914494	10.1%
-	5976362	8.7%
:	5976362	8.7%
7	4849332	7.1%
3	3299611	4.8%
4	3017099	4.4%
	2988181	4.3%
.	2988181	4.3%
Other values (4)	8919173	13.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	68728163	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	12265879	17.8%
0	11533489	16.8%
2	6914494	10.1%
-	5976362	8.7%
:	5976362	8.7%
7	4849332	7.1%
3	3299611	4.8%
4	3017099	4.4%
	2988181	4.3%
.	2988181	4.3%
Other values (4)	8919173	13.0%

click_environment
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.942652068

Minimum	1
Maximum	4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	4
Q1	4
median	4
Q3	4
95-th percentile	4
Maximum	4
Range	3
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.339680408
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0861553092
Kurtosis	33.01323632
Mean	3.942652068
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-5.848728196
Sum	11781358
Variance	0.1153827796
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=3)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	3960	0.1%
2	79743	2.7%
4	2904478	97.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

click_deviceGroup
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.819305792

Minimum	1
Maximum	5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	3
95-th percentile	3
Maximum	5
Range	4
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.042213782
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5728634442
Kurtosis	-1.427040365
Mean	1.819305792
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	0.5763858618
Sum	5436415
Variance	1.086209567
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=5)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
2	10	< 0.1%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	283	< 0.1%
4	117640	3.9%
3	1047086	35.0%
2	10	< 0.1%
1	1823162	61.0%

click_os
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	8
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	13.27760333

Minimum	2
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	2
Q1	2
median	17
Q3	17
95-th percentile	20
Maximum	20
Range	18
Interquartile range (IQR)	15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.881718417
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5182952258
Kurtosis	-0.9317514661
Mean	13.27760333
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-0.9541171292
Sum	39675882
Variance	47.35804837
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	1738138	58.2%
2	788699	26.4%
20	369586	12.4%
12	60096	2.0%
13	23711	0.8%
19	6384	0.2%
5	1513	0.1%
3	54	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	788699	26.4%
3	54	< 0.1%
5	1513	0.1%
12	60096	2.0%
13	23711	0.8%
17	1738138	58.2%
19	6384	0.2%
20	369586	12.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	369586	12.4%
19	6384	0.2%
17	1738138	58.2%
13	23711	0.8%
12	60096	2.0%
5	1513	0.1%
3	54	< 0.1%
2	788699	26.4%

click_country
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	11
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.357656046

Minimum	1
Maximum	11
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	1
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	11
Range	10
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.725860976
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.271206342
Kurtosis	21.55275991
Mean	1.357656046
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	4.802252338
Sum	4056922
Variance	2.978596109
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=11)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2852406	95.5%
10	61377	2.1%
11	29999	1.0%
8	9556	0.3%
6	7256	0.2%
9	6746	0.2%
2	6101	0.2%
3	4540	0.2%
5	3498	0.1%
4	3389	0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2852406	95.5%
2	6101	0.2%
3	4540	0.2%
4	3389	0.1%
5	3498	0.1%
6	7256	0.2%
7	3313	0.1%
8	9556	0.3%
9	6746	0.2%
10	61377	2.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11	29999	1.0%
10	61377	2.1%
9	6746	0.2%
8	9556	0.3%
7	3313	0.1%
6	7256	0.2%
5	3498	0.1%
4	3389	0.1%
3	4540	0.2%
2	6101	0.2%

click_region
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	28
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	18.31331435

Minimum	1
Maximum	28
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	5
Q1	13
median	21
Q3	25
95-th percentile	27
Maximum	28
Range	27
Interquartile range (IQR)	12

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.064006436
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3857306383
Kurtosis	-0.9755078164
Mean	18.31331435
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.545880017
Sum	54723498
Variance	49.90018693
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=28)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25	804985	26.9%
21	464230	15.5%
13	320957	10.7%
8	179339	6.0%
16	164884	5.5%
28	135793	4.5%
24	130537	4.4%
20	120884	4.0%
5	96979	3.2%
9	84693	2.8%
Other values (18)	484900	16.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	7110	0.2%
2	16728	0.6%
3	3997	0.1%
4	30265	1.0%
5	96979	3.2%
6	57254	1.9%
7	64062	2.1%
8	179339	6.0%
9	84693	2.8%
10	21995	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28	135793	4.5%
27	18711	0.6%
26	18893	0.6%
25	804985	26.9%
24	130537	4.4%
23	43	< 0.1%
22	13101	0.4%
21	464230	15.5%
20	120884	4.0%
19	34092	1.1%

click_referrer_type
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.838981307

Minimum	1
Maximum	7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	2
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	7
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.15635571
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.628802319
Kurtosis	9.117533472
Mean	1.838981307
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	2.83996653
Sum	5495209
Variance	1.337158529
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1602601	53.6%
1	1194321	40.0%
5	80766	2.7%
7	69798	2.3%
6	20455	0.7%
4	19820	0.7%
3	420	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1194321	40.0%
2	1602601	53.6%
3	420	< 0.1%
4	19820	0.7%
5	80766	2.7%
6	20455	0.7%
7	69798	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	69798	2.3%
6	20455	0.7%
5	80766	2.7%
4	19820	0.7%
3	420	< 0.1%
2	1602601	53.6%
1	1194321	40.0%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Unnamed: 0	user_id	session_id	session_start	session_size	click_article_id	click_timestamp	click_environment	click_deviceGroup	click_os	click_country	click_region	click_referrer_type
0	0	0	1506825423271737	2017-10-01 02:37:03	2	157541	2017-10-01 03:00:28.020	4	3	20	1	20	2
1	1	0	1506825423271737	2017-10-01 02:37:03	2	68866	2017-10-01 03:00:58.020	4	3	20	1	20	2
2	2	1	1506825426267738	2017-10-01 02:37:06	2	235840	2017-10-01 03:03:37.951	4	1	17	1	16	2
3	3	1	1506825426267738	2017-10-01 02:37:06	2	96663	2017-10-01 03:04:07.951	4	1	17	1	16	2
4	4	2	1506825435299739	2017-10-01 02:37:15	2	119592	2017-10-01 03:04:50.575	4	1	17	1	24	2
5	5	2	1506825435299739	2017-10-01 02:37:15	2	30970	2017-10-01 03:05:20.575	4	1	17	1	24	2
6	6	3	1506825442704740	2017-10-01 02:37:22	2	236065	2017-10-01 03:12:16.942	4	3	2	1	21	1
7	7	3	1506825442704740	2017-10-01 02:37:22	2	236294	2017-10-01 03:12:46.942	4	3	2	1	21	1
8	8	4	1506825528135741	2017-10-01 02:38:48	2	48915	2017-10-01 03:02:07.593	4	1	17	1	17	1
9	9	4	1506825528135741	2017-10-01 02:38:48	2	44488	2017-10-01 03:02:37.593	4	1	17	1	17	1

Last rows

	Unnamed: 0	user_id	session_id	session_start	session_size	click_article_id	click_timestamp	click_environment	click_deviceGroup	click_os	click_country	click_region	click_referrer_type
2988171	2988171	34979	1508211369104327	2017-10-17 03:36:09	7	211732	2017-10-17 03:40:36.300	4	3	2	1	25	1
2988172	2988172	34979	1508211369104327	2017-10-17 03:36:09	7	16346	2017-10-17 03:43:17.187	4	3	2	1	25	1
2988173	2988173	34979	1508211369104327	2017-10-17 03:36:09	7	331149	2017-10-17 03:45:44.116	4	3	2	1	25	1
2988174	2988174	34979	1508211369104327	2017-10-17 03:36:09	7	157478	2017-10-17 03:46:14.116	4	3	2	1	25	1
2988175	2988175	10051	1508211372158328	2017-10-17 03:36:12	2	211442	2017-10-17 03:38:47.302	4	3	2	1	25	1
2988176	2988176	10051	1508211372158328	2017-10-17 03:36:12	2	84911	2017-10-17 03:39:17.302	4	3	2	1	25	1
2988177	2988177	322896	1508211376302329	2017-10-17 03:36:16	2	30760	2017-10-17 03:41:12.520	4	1	17	1	25	2
2988178	2988178	322896	1508211376302329	2017-10-17 03:36:16	2	157507	2017-10-17 03:41:42.520	4	1	17	1	25	2
2988179	2988179	123718	1508211379189330	2017-10-17 03:36:19	2	234481	2017-10-17 03:38:33.583	4	3	2	1	25	2
2988180	2988180	123718	1508211379189330	2017-10-17 03:36:19	2	233578	2017-10-17 03:39:03.583	4	3	2	1	25	2

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Dash Punctuation

Other Punctuation

Space Separator

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Other Punctuation

Dash Punctuation

Space Separator

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows